生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Stems 50-100 cm tall. Upper stem covered with uncinate hairs, base glabrous.
• Leaves sessile to subsessile, lanceolate, 9-15 by 1.6-2.2 cm, apex acuminate, base attenuate, with prickles and uncinate hairs on both surfaces; sheaths cylindrical, 2-4 cm long, with prickles, uncinate hairs and flagelliform hairs, margins ciliate. Inflorescence a loose thyrse (usually 1 or 2 thyrses in axils of leaves), composed of 2 or 3 cincinni, densely uncinate hairy; bracts deltoid, 4-6 by 2-4 mm, uncinate; bracteoles infundibuliform, ca. 4 by 2 mm, glabrous; pedicel 1.5-2.5 cm.
• Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; sepals elliptic, ca. 3 by 2.5 mm, glabrous; petals white, sometimes blue, lateral petals 2, planar, limb broadly rounded-ovate, 5 by 7 mm, apex obtuse, base cuneate-cordate; medial petal small, 6 by 5 mm; fertile stamens 3, unequal, basally fused, lateral stamens antesepalous, anther brown or indigo, ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm long, filament ca. 8.5 mm long, glabrous, the medial stamen antepetalous, smaller, anther ellipsoid-ovate, ca. 1-1.5 mm long, filament ca. 6 mm long; staminodes 2-3, unequal, medial staminodes usually lacking or vestigial, lateral ones antepetalous, antherodes yellow, bilobed, ca. 1 by 2 mm, filament 5-6 mm long; ovary ca. 2 mm long, densely uncinate; style ca. 1 cm long.
• Capsules lustrous, brown, spotted, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely uncinate hairy, opened by external force, valves unequal. Seed 1 per locule, trapezoid, ca. 3 by 2.5 mm, scrobiculate.

分布

• 台灣 : semishaded places and wasteland, 50-2,400 m, throughout.
• 世界 : India, Sri Lanka, the Himalaya, southern China, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

引證標本

TAIPEI: Mt. Peichatienshan, Peng 7409; Manyuehyuan, Chen & Lin 900; Wulai, Kao 10123. TAOYUAN: between Luofu and Kaopo, Peng et al. 14666. HSINCHU: Wuchihshan, Peng et al. 12913. MIAOLI: Taian hot spring, Wang 7676. TAICHUNG: Pahsienshan Forest Recreation Area, Chen 1931; Tungshih experimental forest, Chen 448. NANTOU: Chitou, Hsu 8948; Hosheh, Peng 6193; Kuantaochi, Chang 2220. CHIAYI: Kuanyin Water Fall, Yen 6828; Fenchihu to Tianchian, Chen & Shen 822. KAOHSIUNG: Maolin, Chen & Hong 430; Tengchu, Mt. Tsuyunshan, Ohashi 13181. PINGTUNG: Wanchin, Peng 10171; Tahanshan logging trial, Chen et al. 829. ILAN: Fushan, Boufford et al. 25124. HUALIEN: Liyutan, Chen & Shen 434; Tali to Tatung, Chen 137; Hungyeh Hot Spring, Peng & Chen 11616.

參考文獻

• WANG, Jenn-Che, CHEN, Yo-Jiun, and PENG, Ching-I, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 153. 2000.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)